Mises stress and strain analysis, and optimal design theory are used. Pdf a new bicycle frame design via stress and structural. The rinard frame deflection test sheldon brownbicycle. This study is a part of design systems area, with formal approaches to models of design processes and knowledge. Bike frames were originally made from wood, but modern frames are made primarily from aluminum, steel, titanium and carbon fiber.
This holds the frame in a position horizontal to the ground. Deformation of the different materials bicycle frame in the present simulation compared with those in. This article analyzes the stress and optimizes the design of a customized bicycle frame using proengineer digital solid modeling and design software, through highresolution numerical computeraided engineering cae simulations of bicycle frame, stress analysis, numerical analysis, and optimal designs of the frame structure. The modern and most common frame design for an upright bicycle is based on the safety bicycle, and consists of two triangles. An assessment of bicycle frame behaviour under various load. There are a wide variety of materials used in bicycle frames.
In honor, we bring you our list of books on bicycles and bicycle design, now updated with new titles. Bicycle geometry 101 bg101 is an excelbased bicycle fit and frame design program created by martin manning. Guidelines for the design and management of bicycle parking facilities are intended to improve the quality of bicycle parking that is secured through the development approval process. May 15, 2015 creative bicycle design and framebuilding is for the experienced craftsman interested in making steel bicycle frames and forks in a small shop, or wellequipped home studio. The frame is supported only by the bottom bracket shell, leaving all other points on the frame including head tube and rear dropouts free to move. Over the course of the last one hundred years, the design of the diamond frame road racing bicycle has evolved surprisingly little. The effects of bicycle frame geometry on muscle activation. In essence, bicycle boulevards are lowvolume and lowspeed streets that. Obviously for someone of average build, there are in theory more widely. A custom geometry frame, conversely to conventional wisdom, is not reserved. Cycling aerodynamics before we begin examining the airflow around the bicycle, we must determine why this is relevant to the cyclist. For instance, most frame builders design their frames for specific weight distribution. If youre planning on cycle touring with front or rear bags only.
As a generalized assumption the theory is still correct, but as you will the front end. The bicycle frame is the main load bearing structure of the bicycle and in order to select materials for its construction or to make an efficient frame design the loads carried by the various components must be evaluated under realistic conditions. A bicycle frame is the main component of a bicycle, onto which wheels and other components are fitted. This design has changed very little since the advent of the saftey bicycle in. The long wheelbase and long fork rake will provide additional stability and comfort while riding the higher trail of the front end will help your bike to handle well with a load. Engineering concepts in industrial product design with a case.
Structural analysis and optimization of bicycle frame. This is why a constraint of density is to be limited at 5000 kgm3. Stiffness or elastic modulus can in theory affect the ride comfort and power. International journal of engineering trends and technology. In 1995, when i was working at bill holland cycles in spring valley, california, customers would often order the bike of their dreams.
Structural analysis and optimization of bicycle frame designs chien. Not a howto manual by any means, but loaded with information that can help you decide what. Tensioning the wires made these wheels possible, and with them came the lightweight bicycle that we know today. It covers aspects of the design process, including creativity, and bicycle geometry. A lightweight material is vital to create the ideal bicycle frame to improve manoeuvrability, braking and acceleration performance. In this design process, rattlecad will guide you from defining the basic geometry to refine the bike frame up to a mockup of the finished bike. The safety factor you will use in the design of the bicycle frame. Nonetheless, many riders complain about not feeling comfortable on their bicycles but do not always understand why that is the case. Design and analysis of bicycle frame strength of materials. Members of a diamond frame the current bamboo bicycle design process requires each joint to be wrapped by hand. Wheelbase is the horizontal distance from the rear axle to the front axle. Bt leverages multiple platforms and over two decades of experience to build and support websites for clients across a wide range of industries.
Your company designs and manufactures bicycle frames but purchases all other components from other suppliers. Most got a custom holland titanium frame and titanium handlebar stem, of course. Engineering concepts in industrial product design with a case study of bicycle design by elif kocabiyik a dissertation submitted to the graduate school in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of industrial design department. Some of the less common materials used in creating frames. The maximum allowable deflection at the handle bars under heavy peddling by an.
This protocol could help to adapt the frame design to the riders as a function of their force and mechanical power output. Finite element analysis of an aluminium bike frame computer simulation in sports engineering rebecca alonzo msc sports engineering 3 2. In recent years, machining methods have become advanced enough to manipulate all different grades of metals, from the most popular being steel, to alloying titanium based alloys, however not only metal materials are being used. Engineers at trek claim to have created the worlds most. Some went all the way, adding a titanium bottom bracket, lightweight 3ttt prima 220 handlebars, topline cranks, titanium speedplay pedals, etc. This encompasses common frame materials such as aluminium and titanium alloys. Loads, stresses, and deflections in bicycle frames article pdf available in the journal of strain analysis for engineering design 214. The sta is defined as the position of the seat relative to the crank axis, the pedal shaft and the center axis of rotation for the front gears, of the bicycle vandewalle et al. Solidworks individually and assembled to form the bicycle frame in order to run a finite element. Keywords carbonepoxy composite, laminate code, quasiisotropic laminate, maximum stress theory, design.
Pdf design of aluminum bicycle frames researchgate. Pdf materials for bicycle frame system a case study on. A new tool for bicycle frame design the strain energy design method by leisha a. Design and manufacture of composite bicycle frame and. Conceptual design of a bicycle frame based on a report partly written by lena hartung, nicolas torgau, thomas lehmann, kristian holm and matthias goelke students at altair updated to hw 2017. Guidelines for the design and management of bicycle. Throughout history the concept of the bicycle has been used and manipulated with materials from all over the spectrum exercised. Paolo explained, its proven to be a great use of materials, great for bracing angles, great for strength. Bike frame construction in this section we are going to construct a bicycle frame as shown below in hypermesh.
Tools and equipment are discussed, and the process of building bicycle frames is. With careful observation of current recumbent bicycle design, and the use of the bicycle. Creative bicycle design and framebuilding is for the experienced craftsman interested in making steel bicycle frames and forks in a small shop, or wellequipped home studio. It traces the bicycles development in terms of materials, ergonomics, and vehicle physics, as carried out by inventors, entrepreneurs, and manufacturers. The most common alteration in the bicycle frame geometry is changing the seat tube angle sta see figure 1. Pdf this article analyzes the stress and optimizes the design of a customized bicycle. Little performance increase with a custom frame, understanding frame design theory can help the rider to choose a factorybuilt frame. This allowed scope for alteration in response to the structural analysis. The builders included in the book were selected by a number of subjective.
An assessment of bicycle frame behaviour under various. The aim of rattlecads is to support the design process of bicycles and building bespoked bicycle frames. Georgena terry explains the logic behind designing a bicycle frame. In honor, we bring you our list of books on bicycles. The steering system of the bicycle is an amazing invention. Pdf loads, stresses, and deflections in bicycle frames. The modern and most common frame design for an upright bicycle is based. The strength of frame construction is correct design of a frame because it is the most important part that ensures safe riding. Pdf structural analysis and optimization of bicycle frame designs. This design has changed very little since the advent of the saftey bicycle in the 1880s. The most popular frame design is known as the diamond or double triangle. Design and analysis of bicycle frame free download as powerpoint presentation.
Towards the perfect machine by mike burrows is a technical look at many aspects of bicycle design, written by a bicycle designer and engineer at giant bicycles known for his work on carbon fiber, compact frames, and recumbent bicycles. Guidelines for the design and management of bicycle parking. Since frames are a crucial component from safety point of view, the material used for frame in bicycle. In order to reduce this stress concentration, structural changes are done on the frame work. Torch brazing is the common manual method, whereby a skilled worker.
The bicycle frame to be modeled is made of aluminum, whose properties are shown in table 6. Bt leverages multiple platforms and over two decades of experience to build and support websites for clients across a. This is the first of three part series on why and what makes a custom fit bicycle frame, different and better than off the peg one. This paper presents the use of a hybrid stress analysis method for the prediction of fatigue life of bicycle frames. Material and design optimization for an aluminum bike frame. Engineering concepts in industrial product design with a. In this study, three dimensional geometric representations of current and newly designed bicycle frames are analyzed with ansys program.
Studying on campus is a great way to enjoy the benefits of facetoface education in a way that is far removed from a typical school. Industrial design izmir institute of technology izmir, turkey. A fresh look at steering geometry by chris kvale with technical and mathematical assistance by john corbett reprinted in december, 2006 from a copy marked, with kvales corrections, original draft copy 1 while we all know it is the motor that counts, a bicycle frame that gives optimum handling charac. Finite element analysis is again done on the frame work to validate the findings. Bicycle theory bt builds, hosts and supports websites.
Each bicycle frame material offers a list of differing characteristics that will affect the cost, comfort, weight, stiffness, strength and durability. When any material is subjected to repeated cyclic loads, its design strength must be decreased in certain prescribed. An important safety concern in bicycle frame design is fatigue failure. Design for bamboo bicycle frames a major qualifying project report submitted to the faculty of. Bikecad can be used to design any diamond frame bike and control it through a comprehensive set of parametric input fields. The marketing department in your company wants you to create a new bicycle for road racing that will be the premier bike in their line of products. A mountain bike with rear panniers does not actually ride all that different to a touring bike with rear panniers.
It uses anatomical measurements of the rider to estimate the locations of the saddle and handlebars as. These guidelines will provide planners, developers and property managers with information to support the design, construction and management of high. Feb 25, 2008 georgena terry explains the logic behind designing a bicycle frame. In just a few short years, designers further expanded design options for bicycle frames, including the use of.
Often referred to as the heart of a bike, a frame can be made from either carbon fiber, aluminum, titanium, steel or a combination of these materials. Few complain that their bicycles do not handle as they would wish. No matter which campus you choose, you know that you will be learning in an adult environment where you will be respected and nurtured. This is an excellent introduction from an amateur builder who decided to share his experience in a selfpublished book. The wirespoked bicycle wheel was introduced more than a century ago to replace wooden wheels with thick, rigid spokes. Bicycle theory builds, hosts and supports websites. Elementary aspects of road bicycle design, engineering.
Structural analysis and optimization of bicycle frame designs. Here, youll find tutorials on using bikecad pro, a standalone application for bicycle frame builders and bicycle fit specialists that runs on a pc, a mac or on linux. Top tube length effective taiwanese read more about top tube length effective taiwanese handlebar to front axle x handlebar to front axle x is the horizontal distance from the handlebar clamp to the front axle. To measure front triangle deflection, i slipped a solid steel bar one inch in diameter through the head tube to simulate a front fork. Although wheelbase is dependent on more than just the frame size it is also a function of fork geometry, lower headset stack, and if the front and rear wheels are different sizes, then wheel diameter as well the wheelbase dimension is found in the frame tab of the dimensions dialog box.
In fact, while correct bicycle design and engineering requires a thorough understanding in order. For an amateur, a great introduction to the design and construction of a lugged steel bicycle frame is lugged bicycle frame construction, a manual for the first time builder. A finite beam element computer program is used to calculate frame stresses. Bicycle frame geometry is particularly important if youre planning on using front and rear loads as.
Parametric finite element analysis of bicycle frame geometries. Elementary aspects of road bicycle design, engineering and. Finally, a case study of bicycles is carried out in order to prove the design approaches and the priorities of engineering and industrial product design on a product. If it didnt work on paper, it was never going to work as you intended in practice aka it would fail miserably. Gyrobike, an international company producing gyrostabilizing technology. A guide for the novice bicycle framebuilder proteus, paul on. Bicycle frame shape and the effect on performance an aerodynamic study of the trek kvf frame an undergraduate honors college thesis. Written by two leading bicycle historians and generously illustrated with historic drawings, designs, and photographs, bicycle design describes the key stages in the evolution of the bicycle. It uses anatomical measurements of the rider to estimate the locations of the saddle and handlebars as well as the frame and component dimensions.